The symptoms and signs of renal cell carcinoma

The symptoms and signs of renal cell carcinoma
Kidneys in the retroperitoneum were abdominal and back muscles of the internal organs surrounded, so the lack of kidney tumors are often early clinical manifestations, the traditional meaning of the hematuria, pain and abdominal mass composed of "triad of renal cell carcinoma," are lesions to the relatively late development of symptoms. Kidney in the retroperitoneal, was abdominal and back muscles of the internal organs surrounded, so the lack of kidney tumors are often early clinical manifestations, the traditional meaning of the hematuria, pain and abdominal mass composed of "triad of renal cell carcinoma," are lesions to the relatively late development of symptoms. In fact, most patients showed only a triad of symptoms after one or two, there were about 10 3. But interesting is that kidney cancer may occur many "extra-renal manifestations," clinically easily confused with other systemic diseases, but these symptoms often lead patients to come to another reason for attendance. In addition, symptoms of the tumor metastasis to come for medical treatment is found to be the case is not rare in renal cell carcinoma.

1, urine: kidney into contact with the outside world through the urine, so urine is the renal cell carcinoma The most common clinical symptoms, tumor invasion by the renal pelvis or calyx mucosa caused. About 40-60 patients about different degrees of hematuria occurs, usually painless intermittent gross hematuria whole, sometimes strip clot, Department of ureter tube. When a blood clot blocked ureter can cause renal colic.

2, pain: kidney pain mostly occurs in the waist, the nature of the dull, the rate of about 20. In addition to the reasons for the growth of the tumor outside the kidney capsule stretch, but also because the surrounding organs or lumbar tumor invasion caused the latter is often heavy and persistent pain. Hematuria, ureteral obstruction caused by severe blood clot formation can occur when the renal colic.

3, abdominal mass: renal cell carcinoma patients who had abdominal mass performance of about 20, slender body type who is more likely, in the upper abdomen costal arch, it can be moved up and down movement with the breath. Examiner may be touched by the tumor itself, but also may have been over the lower pole of kidney cancer. If the mass fixed and note violations of kidney cancer has been the structure around the organs, this patient's tumor resection difficult, poor prognosis.

4 extra-renal expression: kidney is an important addition to the metabolic organs, the endocrine or an organ, under normal circumstances can synthesize and secrete prostaglandin E1, 25 - dihydroxyvitamin D3, renin, and erythropoietin, renal cell carcinoma can secretion is much higher than normal levels of these hormones, but can also secrete parathyroid-like factor, glucagon, and insulin into the human chorionic gonadotropin and other substances, thus causing a variety of extrarenal renal systemic symptoms about 20. In addition to these symptoms of high blood calcium, the other is difficult to remove with conventional treatment, but after removal of primary tumors, can be recovered to the normal index.

(1) ESR Express: kidney cancer patients faster because there is not clear ESR, the incidence of around 50. The University of Oslo, Norway, 236 cases of RCC, a retrospective study of patients found that 70.3 of the patients had erythrocyte sedimentation rate faster performance, even being diagnosed with kidney cancer had occurred during the first 6 years, so make the continued ESR fast B-kidney patients should check to except renal tumors.

(2) fever: renal cell carcinoma patients than in the common occurrence rate of about 20. Recent research found that 25 of the primary tumor could be ectopic secretion of interleukin -6, this ectopic secretion of interleukin -6 and fever may be related.

(3) high blood pressure: about 20 kidney cancer patients have high blood pressure, but recent epidemiological investigation showed that hypertension and treatment of high blood pressure and the occurrence of bone cancer, therefore, only when returned to normal after resection of renal cell carcinoma hypertension can be identified as caused by the kidney. Excessive renin secretion, the tumor - vein fistula, tumor suppression is likely to be caused by renal vascular causes of hypertension.

(4) High blood calcium: not because the situation is ambiguous, the incidence of about 10. A tumor may produce parathyroid hormone-related protein similar to the peptides. Returned to normal after tumor resection, tumor metastasis or recurrence increased again after. Sometimes, hypercalcemia may also be caused by the tumor metastasis to bone.

(5) polycythemia: the specific reason is unclear, may be related to direct secretion of erythropoietin in cancer or tumor normal kidney tissue ischemia caused by compression, to stimulate the secretion of erythropoietin.

(6) liver dysfunction: is not caused by the tumor metastasis to the liver, also called Staufer syndrome, patients also have neutropenia, fever, and focal liver necrosis. After removal of kidney tumor normal liver function, or is likely to have metastases. A few cases, jaundice can also be associated with cholestasis.

(7) Other: anemia, weight loss, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, amyloidosis and neuropathy are all likely to occur in kidney cancer patients.

5 varicocele: is characterized not disappear after the supine position, due to renal vein or inferior vena cava tumor thrombus within the spermatic vein obstruction caused by blood reflux.

6, metastatic lesions: renal cell carcinoma metastasis often earlier, when the primary tumor is very small shift can occur, and changing the location of the transfer, almost see

In any part of the body. About 20-35 cases of kidney cancer patients during their early visits the transfer, and about 6-15 patients is due to tumor metastasis symptoms come visits. In addition to lung, liver, brain, bone and other common site of metastasis, the kidney is also often transferred to other rare sites, such as the common bile duct cavity, mediastinum, thumbnail, the vagina, choroid, external auditory canal and the eyes, etc.. Thus, for any part of the body appear abnormal, but especially those of unknown origin, should thought of the possibility of renal cell carcinoma metastasis.

7, associated cancer: Di Silverio other 17 cases have been reported in patients with primary renal cell carcinoma, while suffering from steroid hormone target organs of primary tumors, including breast cancer 10 cases, 4 cases of endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer in 3 cases . Although we can not explain with hormone-dependent renal cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma and in a way suggest the link between these tumors is estrogen.

8, accidentally discovered: entry of 80 since, with the rapid development of image technology, more and more in the RCC or other diseases, routine physical examination was "accidentally" discovered, and is generally believed that Zhan Muqianshenai more than 30 patients. Jayson and other reports 131 cases of renal cell carcinoma, 61 are no symptoms of sporadic cancer. The author admitted 1991-1995 to 217 units in cases of renal cell carcinoma, 103 cases of sporadic cancer.